Insight into the mechanisms of chemical doping of graphene on silicon carbide.

Graphene (Gr) is currently the object of intense research investigations, owing to its rich physics and wide potential for applications. In particular, epitaxial Gr on silicon carbide (SiC) holds great promise for the development of new device concepts based on the vertical current transport at Gr/SiC heterointerface. Precise tailoring of Gr workfunction (WF) represents a key requirement for these device structures. In this context, Günes et al (2015 Nanotechnology 26 445702) recently reported a straightforward approach for WF modulation in epitaxial Gr on silicon carbide by using nitric acid solutions at different dilutions. This paper provides a deep insight on the peculiar mechanisms of chemical doping of epitaxial Gr on 4H-SiC(0001), using several characterization techniques (Raman, UPS, AFM) and density functional theory calculations. The relevance of these findings and their perspective applications in emerging device concepts based on monolithic integration of Gr and SiC will be discussed.